底图模块

From FreeCAD Documentation
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Introduction

简介

您可以利用底图工作台来绘制简单的2D对象，再利用其提供的其他工具来修改这些对象。此工作台提供了工具来定义工作平面、网格。另外，还有一个snapping系统可助您精确地控制几何体的位置。

用户创建的2D对象能以类似于Inkscape或Autocad中的方式用于通用绘图。这些2D图形也可用作零件工作台与建筑工作台等其他工作台所创3D对象的基本组件。另外，也可以将底图对象转换至构图工作台，这意味着能够在零件设计工作台中利用这些图形来创建实体。

The Draft Workbench also provides tools to define a working plane, a grid, and a snapping system to precisely control the position of geometry.

FreeCAD是一款以3D建模为主的应用软件，这使它的2D工具并非如其他绘图程序那样高级。如果您的主要目的是复杂的2D绘图与处理DXF文件，并不是3D建模，那么不妨考虑一款关于技术制图的专用软件，例如LibreCAD, QCad, TurboCad以及其他类似程序。

The image shows the grid aligned with the XY plane.
On the left, in white, several planar objects.
On the right a non-planar Draft Wire used as the Path Object of a Draft PathArray.

Drafting

  • Line: creates a straight line.
  • Polyline: creates a polyline (also called wire), a sequence of several connected line segments.
  • Fillet: creates a fillet, a rounded corner, or a chamfer, a straight edge, between two Draft Lines.
  • Arc tools:
  • Arc: creates a circular arc from a center, a radius, a start angle and an aperture angle.
  • Arc by 3 points: creates a circular arc from three points that define its circumference.
  • Circle: creates a circle from a center and a radius.
  • Ellipse: creates an ellipse from two points defining a rectangle in which the ellipse will fit.
  • Rectangle: creates a rectangle from two points.
  • Polygon: creates a regular polygon from a center and a radius.
  • B-spline: creates a B-spline curve from several points.
  • Bézier tools:
  • Point: creates a simple point.
  • Facebinder: creates a surface object from selected faces.

Annotation

  • Text: creates a multi-line text at a given point.
  • Dimension: creates a linear dimension, a radial dimension or an angular dimension.
  • Label: creates a multi-line text with a 2-segment leader line and an arrow.
  • Annotation styles...: allows you to define styles that affect the visual properties of annotation-like objects.

Modification

  • Move: moves or copies selected objects from one point to another.
  • Rotate: rotates or copies selected objects around a center point by a given angle.
  • Scale: scales or copies selected objects around a base point.
  • Mirror: creates mirrored copies from selected objects.
  • Offset: offsets each segment of a selected object over a given distance, or creates an offset copy of the selected object.
  • Trimex: trims or extends a selected object.
  • Stretch: stretches objects by moving selected points.
  • Clone: creates linked copies, clones, of selected objects.
  • Array tools:
  • Array: creates an orthogonal array from a selected object. It can optionally create a Link array.
  • Polar array: creates an array from a selected object by placing copies along a circumference. It can optionally create a Link array.
  • Circular array: creates an array from a selected object by placing copies along concentric circumferences. It can optionally create a Link array.
  • Path array: creates an array from a selected object by placing copies along a path.
  • Point array: creates an array from a selected object by placing copies at the points from a point compound.
  • Edit: puts selected objects in Draft Edit mode. In this mode the properties of objects can be edited graphically.
  • Subelement highlight: temporarily highlights selected objects, or the base objects of selected objects.
  • Upgrade: upgrades selected objects.

Draft Tray

The Draft Tray allows selecting the working plane, defining style settings, toggling construction mode, and specifying the active layer or group.

  • Select plane: defines the current Draft working plane. Also available in the menu: Draft → Utilities → Select Plane.
  • Set style: sets the default style for new objects. Also available in the menu: Draft → Utilities → Set style.
  • Toggle construction mode: switches Draft construction mode on or off. Also available in the menu: Draft → Utilities → Toggle construction mode.

Draft annotation scale widget

With the Draft annotation scale widget the Draft annotation scale can be specified.

Draft snap widget

The Draft snap widget can be used as an alternative for the Draft snap toolbar.

Draft snap toolbar

The Draft snap toolbar allows selecting the active snap options. The buttons belonging to active options stay depressed. For general information about snapping see: Draft Snap.

  • Snap lock: enables or disables snapping globally.
  • Snap angle: snaps to the special cardinal points on circular edges, at multiples of 30° and 45°.
  • Snap extension: snaps to an imaginary line that extends beyond the endpoints of straight edges.
  • Snap parallel: snaps to an imaginary line parallel to straight edges.
  • Snap special: snaps to special points defined by the object.
  • Snap near: snaps to the nearest point on faces and edges.
  • Snap ortho: snaps to imaginary lines that cross the previous point at multiples of 45°.
  • Snap grid: snaps to the intersections of grid lines.

实用工具

Additional tools

其他工具可从Draft → Utilities菜单处找到。或者右击当前的环境菜单（context menu），具体可用工具取决于当前所选对象。

  • Heal: heals problematic Draft objects found in very old files.

其他功能

  • 底图坐标: 利用输入坐标的方式取代点击3D视图来定义一个新的点。
  • 底图约束（Constraining）: 限制鼠标指针在相对于前一个点的水平方向或垂直方向上移动。
  • 底图捕捉（Snapping）: 将新添加的点定位于已存在对象上的特定位置或网格上。

Tree view context menu

The following additional options are available in the Tree view context menu:

Default options

For most Draft objects the following option is available:

If there is an active document the context menu contains an additional sub-menu:

  • Utilities: a subset of the tools available in the main Draft Utilities menu.

Layer container options

For a Draft LayerContainer these additional options are available:

Layer options

For a Draft Layer these additional options are available:

Text options

For a Draft Text and a Draft Label that contains one or more hyperlinks, to a local or remote file or an URL, this additional option is available:

  • Open hyperlinks: the hyperlinks are opened in the appropriate application (as defined by the OS). There is a warning in the case of multiple hyperlinks. introduced in version 1.0

Wire options

For a Draft Line and a Draft Wire this additional option is available:

  • Flatten: flattens the wire on the current Draft working plane. This option does not work properly in version 0.19 and below.

Working plane proxy options

For a Draft WorkingPlaneProxy these additional options are available:

  • Write objects state: updates the 视图Visibility Map property of the working plane proxy with the current visibility state of objects in the document.

3D view context menu

The following additional options are available in the 3D view context menu:

Default options

If there is an active document the context menu contains one additional sub-menu:

  • Utilities: a subset of the tools available in the main Draft Utilities menu.

Text options

See above.

Obsolete tools

  • Array: creates an orthogonal array from a selected object. The created array can be turned into a polar array or a circular array by changing its 数据Array Type property. Not available in version 0.21 and above.
  • Drawing: inserts views of selected objects into a drawing page. Not available in version 0.21 and above.

首选项

文件格式

底图模块为FreeCAD提供了下列格式文件的导出、导出服务：

Unit tests

See also: Test Workbench.

To run the unit tests of the workbench execute the following from the operating system terminal: 

freecad -t TestDraft

脚本

借助Draft API即可在宏与Python控制台中使用各种底图工具。

The workbench includes a module to create samples of all objects in a new document.

Use this to test that all objects are produced correctly: 

import drafttests.draft_test_objects as dto
doc = dto.create_test_file()

Inspecting the code of this module can help to understand the programming interface.

Tutorials

有关教程


Draft
User documentation
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